Effects of Fast Food Essay

INTRODUCTION Junk food is typically defined as foods with little nutritional value that are high in calories, fat, sugar, salt, or caffeine. It is widely believed that the term was coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972. Common junk foods include salted snack foods, gum, candy, sweet desserts, fried fast food, and carbonated beverages. The convenience, price and predictability of fast food makes it a frequent meal choice for many people. However, as consumption of fast food has risen over the last three decades, so too have occurrences of several health issues and diseases related to fast food and unhealthy eating habits. Eaten regularly, fast food can put you at an increased risk for developing diabetes, heart disease or obesity. The fast food industry in India has evolved with the changing lifestyles of young Indian population. The sheer variety of gastronomic preferences across the regions has brought about different modules across the country. Many of the traditional dishes have adapted to suit the emerging fast food outlets. The basic adaption is to decrease the processing and serving time. HEALTH EFFECTS A study by Paul Johnson and Paul Kenny at the Scripps Research Institute (2008) suggested that junk food consumption alters brains activity in a manner similar to addictive drugs like cocaine or heroin. The increase of junk food is directly associated with the increase in obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, certain cancers, tooth decay, and other diseases. Fast Food Contributes to Obesity Fast food is a major contributor to rising occurrences of obesity. Calorie-laden fast food meals can contain nearly a full day’s worth of calories and fat and, eaten regularly, can increase your chances of obesity. According to CBS News Health Watch, almost one-third of U.S children between the ages of 4 and 19 consume fast food which, depending on the regularity which with fast food is eaten, can cause a 6-pound weight increase per year. Fast Food increases Diabetes Along with obesity, consumption of fast food has been linked to an increased chance of developing Type 2 Diabetes. In Type 2 Diabetes, either your body is unable to regulate blood sugar with insulin, or is unable to produce insulin. Increased body fat, along with a high-sugar and high-carbohydrate diet, can increase your body’s resistance to insulin, which monitors your blood sugar levels. An article published by the US Department of Health and Human Services states that people who ate fast food two or more times per week were twice as likely to experience insulin resistance. Fast Food is High in Sodium Fast food is typically very high in sodium. A large order of fast food french fries can contain as much as 30% of your daily value of sodium. While important to consume in small amounts, a diet high in sodium can lead to high blood pressure, a potential precursor to heart disease. As excess sodium builds up in your bloodstream, your heart must work harder to pump blood successfully, which can cause hypertension and high blood pressure. Regularly consuming foods high in sodium can greatly increase your chances of developing high blood pressure. Fast Food is Low in Nutrients Many fast food are low in nutrients. Hamburgers served on white bread, french fries and other high-carbohydrate sides and fried or high-fat meats are common fast food menu items, and all lack important nutrients such as vitamins found in fresh produce, fiber found in whole grains and protein served without added fat. Foods which are high in sugar and carbohydrates but low in nutrients are also often less filling than healthier options, and can lead to overeating. Furthermore, non-nutritious fast food several times per week can impact your energy levels and mood, and may put you at risk for vitamin deficiency. Harmful Effects of Junk Food * The regular consumption of junk food is the leading factor in obesity and excess weight. * Obesity is second only to smoking as a cause of death in America. * 46% of Canadian adults are either overweight or obese, with obesity in children increasing three-fold over the past 2 decades. * Consumption of Aerated drinks containing sugar has been linked to weight gain and an increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes. * Studies have revealed that obese people have twice the rate of chronic health problems as people of normal weight. * Junk food diet is a major cause of heart diseases. * High cholesterol resulting from junk food puts undue strain on the liver, causing long-term damage to this essential organ. * Research has suggested that diets high in fat may also impair essential brain functions, like concentration and memory. The junk food facts about Aerated drinks alone are alarming. There is compelling evidence that regular consumption of Aerated drinks leads to Increased rates of: – * Bone fracture * Osteoporosis * Weight gain and obesity * Type II Diabetes * Kidney stones * Tooth decay and other dental problems ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am deeply indebted to my Economics teacher, Mrs. Payal Mathur, without whose help this project would not have been possible. The success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidance provided by Mrs. Payal Mathur. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. I can’t thank them enough for their tremendous support and sparing their valuable time. I would like to thank the people of my colony, my friends and relatives who were my respondents and painstakingly filled the questionnaires. The guidance and support received from all my family members who contributed to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I am grateful for their constant support and help. Last but not the least, I also acknowledge the effort put in by my elder sister Miss Upasna Handa in compiling the project. BIBLIOGRAPHY INFORMATION: * www.google.com * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_food * http://facts.randomhistory.com/interesting-facts-about-junk-food.html * http://www.livestrong.com/article/497521-facts-about-the-dangers-of-eating-fast-food/ PICTURES: * www.google.com JUNK FOOD FACTS – CHILDREN * The junk food industry deliberately targets children as young as 2 in a bid to create brand preference and lifelong loyalty. * Advertisers question kids and tap into their play to create ads and products with guaranteed child-appeal. Fast food chains use the lure of free toys to get kids to persuade their parents to spend. A desirable toy can double or triple weekly sales of kids’ meals. And every child brings along at least one adult too. * Flavorings and colorings can cause asthma, rashes and hyperactivity. Many countries – but not the UK – ban them from children’s food. JUNK FOOD FACTS – AERATEDDRINKS * The metal can costs more than the ingredients, which are primarily water mixed with additives, sugar or sweetener, and caffeine. A can of cola contains 10 teaspoons of sugar. * Aerated drinks are aggressively marketed by fast food chains, because they are so profitable, at around 97% profit on the price per cup. The bigger the cup, the greater the profit. * In the US, average adult consumption of Aerated drinks is around 500 cans a year. * Twenty per cent of American under-2s are given Aerated drinks – laden with sugar and additives – every day. DISGUSTING JUNK FOOD FACTS ABOUT THE FOOD ON YOUR PLATE * Canned spaghetti A helping of carbohydrate, salt and sugar, with virtually no fibre, anyone? * Chicken nuggets Low cost nuggets are cheap because they contain as little as 16% pulped chicken, bulked out with water, chicken skin, proteins removed from bone, hide, or poultry feathers, mechanically retrieved meat; plus the ubiquitous sugar, additives and salt. They also contain bulking agents used to soak up the water that’s injected into chicken to increase the weight – and the profit. Minced meat can hid a multitude of revolting ‘extras’ : carcinogenic antibiotics, recycled cat food, and poultry mixed with beef proteins have all been found in chicken destined for the production line. * Chocolate muffin Ruinously high in sugar, and made with the big baddie of the junk food industry, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil which has zero nutritional value, and damages heart and arteries. * Fries Fat-packed and low in nutrients. May be coated with additives and salt. * Fruit yoghurts, ready-made sauces, fruit drinks, baby foods – and more†¦ Modified starches, along with colorings and flavorings, mimic the texture of fresh fruit and veg, so that manufacturers’ can use less of the real thing. They also mask rancid flavors’ and smells. * Milkshakes A simple-sounding ingredient, like ‘artificial strawberry flavor’ can in itself contain around 50 chemicals. And not one single strawberry. What’s in some of that Junk Food? * One teaspoon of sugar is extracted from a stalk of sugarcane one metre in length! * A super-sized order of McDonald’s fries contains 610 calories and 29 grams of fat. * A king-sized order of Burger King’s fries packs 590 calories and 30 grams of fat. * A king-sized Burger King meal, (Double Whopper with cheese, large fries and large drink) contains 1,800 calories (mostly derived from fat and refined sugar). To ‘burn’ these calories would take nearly 6 hours of cycling (at 20 miles per hour). Junk Food Advertising * The food industry spends over $33 billion per year in the US alone to advertise food products that could be classified as junk food. * The majority of food advertising during children’s television programming is for sweetened cereals, Aerated drinks, candy, processed snacks and fast foods. * The average American child sees around 20,000 ads a year for junk food. * Over 90% of American children eat at McDonald’s at least once per month. * American teenagers drink an average of 760 can of soda pop per year (with boys drinking about 25% more than girls). * The average American of any age drinks over 500 cans of Aerated drinks per year. * Nearly 20% of children under 2 years of age are given Aerated drinks every day in America! * The average person today consumes more sugar in two weeks than a person a century ago would have eaten in a whole year. That’s a junk food fact!

Chronicle of a Death Foretold

Sarah Winter Silver 1 World Literature 4/27/09 Angela Vicario is responsible for the murder of Santiago Nasar. Although it was her twin brothers that committed the actual crime, the reasons behind their murder come directly from their beautiful sister Angela. While it wasn’t Angela who directly murdered Santiago, she is just as guilty as the rest. Angela is complacent and also participated in the solicitation of the murder of Santiago Nasar. The marriage between Bayardo San Roman and Angela Vicario set a strong foundation for the murder. If the marriage between Bayardo and Angela had never occurred, Santiago Nasar would still be alive. Ever since Angela was a child, she faced a strong pressure to get married. â€Å"The girls had been reared to get married. † (Page 31) It is notable that Angela was the prettiest of her three sisters and several men desired her. Many men were interested in marrying her, especially Bayardo San Roman, but Angela was not interested in marrying unless she was in love. â€Å"Angela Vicario never forgot the horror of the night on which her parents and her older sisters with their husbands gathered together in the parlor, imposed on her the obligation to marry a man whom she had barely seen. (Page 24) Bayardo, on the other hand, was determined to marry her and in a hurry to do so. Their engagement lasted only six months, and their marriage lasted not even one night. â€Å"No one would have thought, nor did anyone say, that Angela Vicario wasn’t a virgin. † (Page 37) Her family was incredibly protective of her and â€Å"She’d grown up along with her sisters unde r the rigor of a mother of iron. † (Page 37) Angela Vicario was terribly naive for going into this marriage without her virginity. She had been distressed but eventually listened to her two confidantes. They assured her that almost all women lost their virginity in childhood accidents and that even the most difficult of husbands resigned themselves to anything as long as nobody knew about it. † (Page 38) Apparently Bayardo San Roman was an exception. Only four hours after the extravagant wedding and dancing festivities, Pura Vicario (Angela’s mother) was woken by three very slow knocks. â€Å"Her [Angela Vicario] satin dress was in shreds and she was wrapped in a towel up to the waist. † (Page 46) Bayardo San Roman was there to return his wife because she was not a virgin. Pura Vicario beat her daughter mercilessly and urgently ummoned her twin sons home. â€Å"They found Angela Vicario lying face down on the dining room couch, her face all bruised†¦P edro Vicario, the more forceful of the brothers picked her up by the waist and sat her on the dining room table. ‘All right, girls,’ he said to her, trembling with rage, ‘tell us who it was. ’ She only took the time necessary to say the name. She looked for it in the shadows, she found it at first sight among the many, many easily confused names from this world and the other, and she nailed it to the wall with her well-aimed dart, like a butterfly with no will whose sentence had always been written. Santiago Nasar. ’ she said. † (Page 47) Angela Vicario named Santiago Nasar as the perpetrator and whether he did it or not, Angela gave him a death sentence the moment his name escaped her lips. When Angela’s brothers asked who took her virginity, she could have named any man in town. It is never confirmed nor denied whether Santiago Nasar had sex with Angela Vicario or not. However, if he was not the man to take her virginity, then why woul d Angela Vicario give his name? This raises many new questions, for instance, did they have consensual sex? Did Santiago rape her? Were they in love but never had sex, and was Angela only trying to protect Santiago? Or was the entire sexual encounter made up? Marquez never answers these questions, and the reader has to make several inferences. The image of a butterfly pinned to a wall is symbolic of both Angela Vicario and Santiago Nasar’s situation. Once she had stated that Santiago is the one who took her virginity, both of their fates became pinned. If Angela did not give her brothers a name, they would have become furious at her for protecting the man who had dishonored her. She â€Å"pins† Santiago with her words, but she is also pinning herself by the sexism of the culture. The description of Angela’s thought process when she spoke Santiago’s name suggests that Angela is not only thinking of people who are alive but also those who are dead (â€Å"many easily confused names from this world and the other. †) This is not a proven fact, but this strongly implies that Angela chose his name at random, which would mean Angela Vicario sanctioned the murder of an innocent man. Like almost all of the townspeople, Angela Vicario is complacent. â€Å"There had never been a death more foretold. † (Page 50) Everybody knew of the Vicario twin’s intentions, â€Å"The Vicario brothers had told their plans to more than a dozen people who had gone to buy milk, and these had spread the news everywhere before six o’clock. † (Page 58) Yet the only person out of the whole town to attempt stopping the Vicario twins was Colonel Aponte. The murder of Santiago Nasar never would have happened if Angela had done several things differently. If Angela had kept her virginity, the disaster never would have surfaced. Angela could have simply given a different name, and Santiago would still be alive. It also would have been fairly easy for her to stop her brothers from murdering Santiago. Not only is she complacent in the murder, but she also gave the solicitation of murder. Pablo and Pedro Vicario are innocent; they were murdering simply to protect their sister, something any brother would have done without a question. Angela Vicario is clearly responsible for the gruesome murder of Santiago Nasar. Chronicle of a Death Foretold Chronicle of a Death Foretold

Global disaster management Essay

Disaster management became global; financial resources together with the establishment of several associate and group organizations sprang up. Mass media took up the root with each major and minor disaster reported universally. Disaster tradition were formed and disseminated by the mass media. Until this global agenda was affirmed, environmental issues were still in their infancy and the number of research or consulting organizations focused on disasters was exceptionally small. The concern of disaster research units (mainly university-affiliated) and disaster management units in public administrations only became noticeable in the second half of the century in the late fifties. By the start of new millennium, the number of disaster-related organizations had grown exponentially. The U. S. government alone has no fewer than twenty-six major agencies as well as dozens of regional offices dealing with disasters. There are a further ninety-five specialized units established for contradictory disaster situations. To this can be added eighty U. S. domestic non-govermental organizations (NGOs). This number can be used as a rough suggestion of the same process occurring all through the Western world. The sharing of disaster-related global-based agencies likewise grew, comprising over ninety major public agencies with offices all through the world. This guide of the globalization of disaster management also supported the hold of public administration on the area of disasters. It has also led to interagency divergences and problems of management, as well as protective imperatives, turf wars, and competition (International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, 1996). What was evident at the national or state level-at which public administrations subjugated the definition of disaster, who was capable to be a disaster victim, what help would be afforded, and so on-was now extensive at the global level by other forms of public administration in diverse guises. As some critical reports have noted, the results have been at the similar mediocre levels of disaster management (on a larger scale), where in several cases such â€Å"assistance† was more unfavourable than supportive. The most observable of these have been linked with the droughts in Africa, where NGOs and international aid have in fact harmed more people than they have helped.

Current Issue Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Current Issue - Coursework Example Being near green vacant lots was associated with an average heart rate reduction of more than five beats per minute, compared with non-greened lots. Further analysis concluded that the total net reduction in heart rate when near and in view of green vacant lots was more than 15 heart beats a minute. â€Å"We used heart rate as a physiologic marker of acute stress, and the reduction we found suggests a biological link between urban blight reduction strategies like vacant lot greening and reductions in stress,† lead author Dr. Eugenia South, a physician in the department of emergency medicine at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia, said in a university news release. â€Å"Our hypothesis in the earlier published work was that transforming vacant lots from being overrun with weeds and filled with trash to a clean and green space may make it difficult for people to hide weapons and conduct illegal activities such as drug use in or near the space,† South

Weekly ass. #10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Weekly ass. #10 - Essay Example business cant afford, try living in a world without it.† [2] Our Government has also taken initiative to honor the best organization that has effectively followed this principle of "eco-friendly business†. Major issues of global warming and climate change are faced by our planet. These problems affect badly to mankind, scenery and animals. Hence, I request you to help the environment by following "eco-friendly business" factor. There are many ways through which we can help the environment. We can avoid using extra wooden infrastructure and wasting papers in our offices. We can reduce the rate of releasing gases that are harmful for the ozone layer. It is very important for humans to survive on earth. The award of best "eco-friendly business" will be a token of respect, and it will be a great achievement for our company if we win this award. Our efforts will definitely help the environment and increase the awareness of eco-friendly nature of chemical industry. I hope that you will consider our mission of eco-friendly business in future while developing our business. â€Å"The only way we can do this is if we get back in the world’s fight against global warming and prove it is good economics that we will create more jobs to build a sustainable economy that saves the planet for our children and grandchildren. It is the only way it will work.†

The State of Sovereign Wealth Funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The State of Sovereign Wealth Funds - Essay Example The commonly utilised value for price volatility is the percentage, which serves to eliminate the problems presented by changing currency values, when presenting volatility of commodities available globally. In most circumstances of international commodity price volatility, economists normally utilise a common currency, like the dollar to represent volatility. International businesses, however, present the calculation of volatility in terms of percentage of a specified figure. Volatility normally revolves around measurement of dispersion observed in numerous securities or market index. The calculation of volatility enables economists to predict the amount of uncertainty existing for given commodities. The uncertainties are normally presented by notable changes observed in the commodity prices. These changes are utilised in making predictions concerning stability of stocks and expected changes, based on previous observations. Volatility represents commodity risk and high volatility in dicates high investment risk in such stocks. The risk is normally presented by anticipated change, with stocks having high volatility being marked as expected to have dramatic price adjustments over a short duration. Price fluctuations remain a fundamental constituent of calculated volatility values established by economist. Stable commodities customarily experience minimal fluctuations; hence lower volatility for such commodities. Stability in commodity prices does not occur often within the free market economies as demand and supply change continuously. Expanding boundaries of national economies dissolving into the global economy have contributed to increased difficulty in management of commodity price volatility. Technological advancements have contributed significantly towards a global shift in the living standards, consequently resulting in increased price volatility. Within the global economy, price control continues to become increasingly difficult because of the existing pol icy discrepancies among different countries. The concept of free market has continued to create an unprecedented, uncontrolled flux in pricing within the global market. Increases in commodity demand against the available supply continue to have a negative impact on the prices, causing increased price volatility. Investors, within the business world, commonly rely on volatility when making numerous investment decisions. Through volatility the individuals can make estimations of expected returns on investments, based on security volatility. Management of volatility remains a fundamental element for investors seeking success in the constantly changing commodity prices in the free market. Though volatility could be utilised in making future predictions, numerous changes could be initiated in the management process of volatility, consequently avoiding the adverse effects created by high volatility. The business decisions made following estimations from volatility consist of numerous assu mptions. One major assumption in estimating volatility remains the unchanging business environment, enabling constant business conditions. Though calculations remain accurate, as they are based on current market prices, the prevailing business conditions resulting to the result cannot remain fixed. Governments, for example, might introduce regulations and policies seeking to protect investors from adverse effects of volatility. Changes in the business

Setting up Connection at Home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Setting up Connection at Home - Essay Example Moreover, a broadband modem is utilized for linking the network to the web/Internet. In this scenario, we can make use of a DSL modem with a phone line or a cable modem with the cable internet link (OpenBookProject). Problem Broadband Connectivity In this project we have to link a home based system that is running a Windows XP operating system, and Internet Explorer Web browser to access an ISP; to an internet broadband connection. In this scenario, we have to offer more economical and more enhanced connectivity to our users. For this purpose, I have searched for a number of solutions such as DSL cable, Cable TV, and Wireless connection: Proposed Solution With the passage of time, there has emerged a lot of innovative technologies and wireless technology is one of them. At the present, more and more people are going toward wireless solutions. This overall scenario demands better technology-based solutions for the better communication and working. The wireless broadband connection is presently more appropriate solution for establishing an internet connection (OpenBookProject; Nash). Overall Design or High-Level Description The vast majority of the world is yet waiting for broadband service. However, in the well-populated regions of the developed world, existing wire-line phone and cable TV communications structures are able to offer the broadband connectivity, and accessibility is now extremely high. All over the place else, the high costs of present alternatives, like that establishment of the new wire-line arrangements or large scale macro-cellular wireless models similar to WiMAX infrastructure, are big obstacles to additional broadband subscriber expansion. I have proposed the wireless broadband internet technology based arrangement that will be capable to offer an excellent support for establishing a connection for working space (Broadband; Ruckus Wireless, Inc.; TopTenReviews). Given below is the diagram of proposed network solution: Figure 1Network Diagra m for the proposed solution, Source: http://0.tqn.com/d/compnetworking/1/0/c/c/two-router-network.png Connectivity Wireless broadband internet connectivity is fundamentally a method of connecting all the systems/computers at home or work jointly and providing them with a means to access the internet and share information without making use of wires. In addition, wireless networks are as well recognized as Wi-Fi networks (Broadband; Ruckus Wireless, Inc.; TopTenReviews). Linking Systems If the only location in the home that we utilize the net is a desktop PC system and it is next to a phone socket then we almost certainly should not be paying attention in wireless communication networking. In addition, normally a family these days has more than one personal computer, and some of them will be desktops and some would be laptops. However, wireless networking formulates it simple for all these computers to share a common broadband connection. Additionally, there are additional devices th at could be utilized in order to establish a wireless link that we might not have recognized like that games consoles and a number of mobile phones (Broadband; Ruckus Wireless, Inc.; TopTenReviews).  

Three chocies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Three chocies - Case Study Example The company’s main mission is to organize information globally and make it accessible to all users in different parts of the world. The vision of the company is to develop a kind of environment that an individual or a company desires to create so that the company would facilitate the general public. The goal of the company is to simplify the lives of individuals by providing help in their respective fields. The company has brought a change in the management style in last 8-10 years. The company is conscious regarding their good management. Google always hire people who could derive significant benefits to the company. There are two major changes made in the management styles that are given below. A good manager is the priority of the company. The company facilitates the manager that has the experience, leadership skills and communication techniques. The company allows effective managers to work in it to ensure that the management is effective in deriving advantages that are mentioned in the goal and mission of the company. Good managers are the key to success as they set directions for the juniors to work. They set parameters based on the prediction and analyzing the conditions in the market (Draft, 2015). Google has start hiring the employees that have predicted and innovative mind. It is mentioned by the company that they hire on qualification but to some extent. They usually notice whether the employee can predict and allow the company to prevail in international markets by providing effective service. It is clearly mentioned in the company that they appoint a person with their skills and capabilities rather than his high qualification. Their perspective is to the employee an individual that can predict the situation that could be faced by the company in future (Draft, 2015). The company believes that it is essential to maintain proper checks and balances on

Trending curation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trending curation - Essay Example Just like in tweeter, where we have tweets as message sent by people, pins in pinterest are shared images that people can pin on customized boards. Users have freedom to customize their own boards with their preferred categories such as car models, funny photos, or amazing architects just to name a few. The article titled, a guide to the new and fun social media for the starters http://mashable.com/2011/12/26/pinterest-beginners-guide/ explain how Pinterest works. Snapchat despite of being around for a year has gained much popularity among the young people where they talk of snapchatting each other. By the end of last year, Snapchat was rated number three among the most popular sites in Itunes free app. Snapchat offers an exciting and interesting way to share images with relatives and friends. The unique feature in snapchat is that the user has the control the amount of time the image can be viewed before it is removed automatically. The article on this link http://infospace.ischool. syr.edu/2012/11/29/what-is-snapchat/ best explains how snapchat operates. Do you think photo communication or social wordless have changed the way we communicate and how? Taking and sharing photos have greatly changed how we used to communicate, for instance, if a person text you wanting to know where you are, one can take a snapchat and share with the person, the photo will explain in precise where you are without additional details. In addition, some people have are shy to talk to people face to face , but social media allows these person to share their moments or thoughts through a simple photo. For instance, one can share a moment of his first-born child across the whole world, where people will congratulation and like the photos of the child electronically (Petrescu 1). How do these social networks ensure that the privacy of individuals is safeguarded? A person can only view your pinterest if invited which is very similar to following in twitter. One is required to register to receive invites or invite the person you know to see your pins. Pinning is a simple process that involves using a pin it button, easily drag and place the pin on the browser extension, click to the photo or image you find exciting and select it, then finally place the pin to the appropriate board with a descriptive text, and the pin is shared. Pins can also be shared via other sites such as Facebook and twitter in order to gain more audience across all networks. In snapchat, the image or photo shared can only be available to a friend for a time ranging from one to ten seconds. Photo captions using snapchat is very easy since it requires the user to tap on the screen or create a doodle. Photo created can be shared with one person or a group a group of persons. Snapchat automatically creates a best friend alternative by identifying the persons you have shared most photos (Petrescu 1). Which do you think are the most common features of photo communicating sites such as instagram and sn apchat? Sharing of photos is the main feature of wordless social, where the user can take photos within the customized app or share the already taken photos via the phone camera. All these social sites allow people to share photos to each other such as Facebook, tumbr, and twitter. Photo manipulation is a feature that allows users to modify their photos to their liking, one can add names and funny texts on the photo to make it exciting. Instagram, snapchat, and

A History of Playing Cards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A History of Playing Cards - Essay Example Henceforth, different games were invented and the manner of playing cards evolved. In European context, the origins of playing card were thought to have come from Egypt near Mameluks. The fragments found believed to be from the 1400, consisted of 52 cards with "suits of swords, polo-sticks, cups, and coins." Each suit was composed of cards numbered 1 to 10 while three of the court cards included "malik (king), na'ib malik (Viceroy or Deputy-King), and thani na'ib (Second Under-Deputy)." When compared to early Italian cards, they appeared to be similar. Some early names given to European court cards include naibbe (Italian) and naipes (Spanish)("The Introduction of Playing-Cards to Europe"). The early Chinese playing cards were made from paper and had suits drawn with coins and strings of coins. To Mah Jong players, these are the circles and bamboo figures found in the tablets. Islam introduced cups and swords to the suit without any human figures. This could be explained by the prohibition of Islam from using representations of humans in artworks or printed material. The French were credited for designing the court personages in each suit. The King of Hearts represented Charlemagne; Julius Caesar was the king of Diamonds; Alexander the Great was the king of Clubs while King David from the Bible was identified as the King of Spades (The United States Playing Card Company). These were still used in contemporary playing cards. In the 19th century Europe, the playing card faces were transformed into mini-canvasses as many artists executed prominent figures culled from history and literature. This was referred to the 19th century phenomenon of transformation cards (The International Playing-Cards Society). The cards were an innovative form of art but were totally unusable for playing games. England was a laggard and followed the trend at a later period. The English continued to cling to traditional designs despite the developments in other parts of Europe. The Americans were credited to have invented the Joker. From the French design, the Americans in the 1800's introduced innovations to the playing card. The Americans began using "double-headed court cards for convenience and avoiding the act of turning the card right side up. The surfaces were varnished for easy shuffling and sturdier to endure wear and tear from frequent playing. The corners were rounded to avoid corner tears and identifying marks were added to the corners of each card (The United States Playing Card Company). The backs of the cards were used as promotional vehicles and sometimes depicted with famous landmarks or trends popular at a particular period. Russell and Morgan were the pioneers in the manufacture of playing cards. The Bicycle brand was born out of the popularity of the two-wheeled transportation in 1887. The company debuted with Rider Back (The United States Playing Card Company). From being an exclusive entertainment for the rich and imperial courts, card games had since evolved for ordinary people to enjoy. Social Function of Card Games When card games were introduced in medieval Europe, a royal card party was frequently played in circular tables. In the 15th century, the site of play was a circular table

Indian Premier League Essay Example for Free

Indian Premier League Essay Cricket is a very fast-paced, high-energy sport but it’s also big business. Professional teams that belong to the Indian Premier League pay each of their players, the estimated value that could range from INR 20 lakh (INR 2 million) to INR 2 crore (INR 20 million) per year depending on his experience and stature. For that amount of money, member teams expect a great deal and are constantly on the watch for ways of improving their performance. During a 59-game season, every nuance a coach can pick up about a weakness in an opponent’s offense or the shots of one of his own players will translate into more runs on the scoreboard, more wins, and ultimately more money for the team. Traditional cricket game statistics failed to capture all of the details associated with every play and was not easily related to videotapes of games. As a result, decisions about changes in tactics or how to take advantage of opponents’ weaknesses were based primarily on hunches and gut instincts. Coaches could not easily answer questions such as â€Å"Which types of plays are hurting us? † Now professional cricket coaches and managers are taking their cues from other businesses and learning how to make decisions based on hard data. The software available with the Indian Team was very generic and did not produce any analytical information. For the same reason, John Wright wanted to have quite a few reports to help him make decisions based on the statistical data. A company called Sports Mechanics has found a way to collect and organize fine-grained statistical data and relate the data to associated video clips. Sports Mechanics employs just 5 people to match up video of each play with statistical information about every ball bowled within the match. For example, who bowled it, who is the batsman, who is the non-striker, where did the ball pitch, what did the ball do, where was the ball hit, how many runs were scored off it, who fielded it, how did he field it, which end did he throw, what was the outcome of the ball, etc. Once the tagging is done, when the query is done according to the tag, then the relevant video plays. Queries can be done by multiple layers of filters by bowler, by batsman, by type of ball, etc. Each game is dissected and tagged, play by play, using hundreds of descriptive categories and these data are linked to high-resolution video. Coaches then use an index to locate the exact video clip in which they are interested and access the video at a protected Web site. Within seconds they are able to watch streaming video on the protected site or they can download it to laptops, iPods, play stations, etc. For example, if the Kolkata Knightriders have just lost to the Rajasthan Royals and gave up too many runs, Knightriders coach can use Sports Mechanics’ service to see video clips of every Rajasthan Royals’ batting performance in the game. He can also view every Kolkata Knightriders transitional situation for the entire season to see how that game compared with others. According to Kolkata Knightriders owner Shahrukh Khan, â€Å"the system allows us to look at every play, in every way, and tie it back to stats. So we can watch how we played every ball, track our success rate, and see how other teams are doing it. The service helps coaches analyze the strengths and weaknesses of individual players. For example, Sports Mechanics’ system has recorded every offensive step of the Kolkata Knightriders’ Shoaib Akhtar since he joined IPL. The system can show how successfully he is blowing in either home or away games, with the ability to break games and player performance into increasingly finer-grained categories. If a user clicks on any statistic, that person will find video clips from any of the games of any season of IPL that show Shoaib’s particular bowling move. Mr. S. Ramakrishnan, the Indian Cricket Team Analyst and the founder of Sports Mechanics has since 2003 helped over 5,000 cricketers and provided analysis and soft ware to ICC and 21 countries. About 7 teams in the IPL; all except Royal Challengers have already signed up for the Sports Mechanics’ service, and are using it to help them scout for promising national and international players. Although nothing will ever replace the need to scout players in person, the service has reduced IPL teams’ skyrocketing travel costs. Sources: Sports Mechanics; Base 1 USD = 50 INR as of 11, January, 2009 The challenges facing IPL teams show why information systems are so essential today. Like other businesses, professional cricket faces pressure from high costs, especially for team member salaries and travel to search for new talent. Teams are trying to increase revenue by improving employee performance, especially the performance of cricket team members. The chapter-opening diagram calls attention to important points raised by this case and this chapter. Management was unable to make good decisions about how to improve the performance of teams and of individual players because it lacked precise data about plays. It had to rely on â€Å"best guesses† based on videotapes of games. Management found a new information system to provide better information. The information system is based on a service provided by Sports Mechanics. Sports Mechanics’ staff members break down each game into a series of plays and then categorize each play by players, type of play, and the outcome. These data are tagged to the videos they describe to make the videos easy to search. IPL coaches and management can analyze the data to see which offensive and defensive moves are the most effective for each team player. Team members themselves can use laptops, play stations, iPods, etc to download the videos to help them prepare for games. This innovative solution makes it possible for basketball management to use objective statistical data about players, plays and outcomes to improve their decision making about what players should or shouldn’t do to most effectively counter their opponents.

America & Globalization Essay Example for Free

America Globalization Essay Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the idea that American corporations are working with international companies to help boost the economy. The paper focuses on the use of globalization as a primary tool towards accomplishing that goal. The paper also provides the reader with views from both supporters of globalization and opponents as well. The articles used for this paper give very interesting facts as well as views on both sides of the socio-economic table. In U.S Liberal Politics author Deborah White’s article â€Å"Pros and Cons of Free Trade† she discuses globalization in relation to free trade agreements and provides both pros and cons as well as a generalized definition of free trade. Meanwhile, Gary Hufbauer provides a more supporting article on Globalization supplied with studies and debates. As for Chris Isidore’s article, it focuses generally on the recessions from past to present and what trends are different and remain the same when it deals with the progression of the economy. Lastly, Wikipedia’s definition of †Globalization† lays out in detail the history, timeline, business applications, and etc. about the economic reference. In like manner, this paper examines the overall analysis of globalization and how it relates to boosting the economy. America Globalization One of the biggest topics today in America’s current events is the U.S. economy and the need for an economical boost. The U.S. declared the latest recession the biggest since the Great Depression. According to Chris Isidore (2010, p.1), â€Å"The Great Recession started in December 2007 and ended June 2009†. However, this information does nothing for the many Americans out of work, over-debt in their mortgage, and uncertain about their financial future. Nevertheless, seemingly, the American corporations have worked hard to try to find ways to help fellow Americans and boost the economy back to its median. One of the ways big corporations think will help is the use of Globalization. According to Wikipedia (2012, p.1) by definition, â€Å"Globalization refers to the increasingly global relationships of culture, people, and economic activity. It is generally used to refer to economic globalization: the global distribution of the production of goods and services, through reduction of barriers to international trade such as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas†. Comparatively, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission have also written that globalization is a widely-used term that can be defined in a number of different ways. When used in an economic context, it refers to the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, and services and labor† In contrast, there are just as many people opposed to this idea as those whom support it. Deborah White writes (p.1), â€Å"One angry complaint is that more than three million U.S. jobs with middle-class wages have been outsourced to foreign countries since 1994.† It seems that the biggest obstacle is convincing the middle class that globalization is in fact, a good idea for the economy. Those same opponents believe that free trade has caused more U.S. jobs losses than gains, especially for higher-wage jobs. They also feel that many free trade agreements are bad deals for the U.S. Nevertheless, American corporations in conjunction with government officials are both working with other international companies to help boost our economy. To begin with, American corporations like the idea of boosting the economy through the use of globalization. Henceforth, with treaties like NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) and organizations like NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) America has been at the forefront of the campaign for the removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, services and labor. Moreover, as White writes (2012, p.2), â€Å"The purpose of free trade agreements is to allow faster and more business between the two countries/areas, which should benefit both.† Statistics show that globalization does help boost the economy. Gary Clyde Hufbauer writes in his article, â€Å"The Peterson Institute calculates that the US economy is approximately $1 trillion richer each year owing to past globalization—the payoff both from technological innovation and from policy liberalization—and could gain another $500 billion annually from futur e liberalization†. These are the numbers that motivate American Corporations. In addition, globalization helps increase sales and profits for U.S. businesses, which ultimately boost the economy. What the middle class does not understand is that globalizations tactics such free trade help create more jobs within the middle class sector for the long term. White also adds (2012, p.2), â€Å"Removal of costly and delaying trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas and conditions, inherently leads to easier and swifter trade of consumer goods. The result is an increased volume of U.S. sales.† Globalization also helps to develop and strengthen the economy of the poorest countries as well. Some of the biggest benefits of poor countries through tactics like free trade are creating more industrialized nations and increasing the purchase of their natural resources and/or labor services. Condescendingly, there are just as many opponents to globalization and free trade as there are supporters. Many of those that oppose consists of middle class Americans and the congressman they elect. The biggest problem is a fear of the unknown. Middle class Americans don’t want to wait for the â€Å"long-term†. They want to continue to have the same security of employment as they’ve always had, which is understandable. Nevertheless, they also feel free trade agreements cause a loss in higher paying jobs. This is the basis or platform for the argument of the â€Å"War on the Middle Class†. The argument of free trade and globalization, although provides a soaring boost in corporate profits, individual wages stagnate. This leaves no room for the middle-class to advance. As White explains (2012, p.2), While corporate profits soar, individual wages stagnate, held at least partly in check by the brave new fact of offshoring that millions of Americans jobs can be performed at a fraction of the cost in developing nations near and far. All things considered, the determination of whether globalization is good for the economy will continue to be a debatable issue amongst those of different socio-economic groups. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that globalization has its pros and cons. The ultimate goal and mindset of American Corporations behind implementing globalization is to work with international companies in an effort to boost the economy. Famous investor Warren Buffet once said, â€Å"Someone’s sitting in the shade today because someone planted a tree a long time ago.’ Whether that shade tree is globalization, who knows? The ultimate goal is creating jobs and getting the economy back on course. References Deborah White. (2012) US Liberal Politics Pros and Cons of Free Trade Agreement. Retrieved from http://usliberals.about.com/od/theeconomyjobs/i/FreeTradeAgmts.htm Chris Isidore. (September 2010) Economy Recession officially ended in June 2009. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2010/09/20/news/economy/recession_over/index.htm Gary Hufbauer. (May 2008) Answering the Critics: Why Large American Gains from Globalization Are Plausible. Retrieved from http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=929 Wikipedia. (March 2012) Globalization Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization

Number of Folds in Paper: Thickness of Earth to Sun

Number of Folds in Paper: Thickness of Earth to Sun Calculating the number of folds and the hypothetical size of a piece of paper so that its thickness equates to the distance from the Earth to Saturn. As a physics student doing the option on astrophysics, I have become very interested in the immensity of the universe. I decided it would be intriguing to combine it with my personal hobby of doing origami which helps me to relieve stress. As a result, I investigated the amount of times a piece of paper would need to be folded in half so that its thickness achieves a length which equates to the distance from the Earth to Saturn. I have chosen the planet Saturn because it is one of the biggest planets that can be observed by the naked eye and I have been able to see it last summer from the top of a high hill in La Pedriza in the Guadarrama mountain range near my hometown (Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain). Popular claims suggested that it is impossible to fold a piece of paper in half more than seven times no matter its size or thickness.   Previous mathematicians have worked out the number of folds required to reach the moon from the Earth which was worked out to be 42 folds[1] using a m thick paper. The size of the paper however, was not found. In theory, the average folds for a normal size A4 (m) paper is seven. This is an interesting topic because it is incredible how, by exponential growth, a miniature of m thick like a piece of paper can be folded in half to reach the distance of the planet Saturn. Britney Gallivan[2] was able to fold a piece of toilet paper of 1200 meters a number of 12 folds. She derived two mathematical expressions based on geometrical sequences, taking into consideration the amount of paper lost in every fold. These formulas make it possible to calculate the hypothetical length L and width W of a piece of paper that would be folded n times to equate the distance from the Earth to Saturn. Gallivan established some rules that would need to be followed when folding a sheet of paper in half:       A single rectangular sheet of paper of any size and uniform thickness can be used. The fold line has to be in the same direction each time. The folding process must not tear the paper. When folded in half, the portions of the inner layers which face one another must almost touch one another. The average thickness or structure of material of paper must remain unaffected by the folding process. A fold is considered complete if portions of all layers lie in one straight line. Hence, the length L of the paper influences the number of times it can be folded in half. Hypothesis The distance from the Earth to Saturn will be obtained by folding a piece of paper ≠¥50 times with a hypothetically large enough paper. This exploration used exponential growth and logarithms in order to find out the number of folds required to reach Saturn. Before any calculation was done, it was indispensable to collect all the data required for the investigation. All the values were used were in the international system of units (metres) and standard form in order to keep the exploration standardized. Taking into consideration the elliptical orbits of the planets, sometimes they are closer to Earth and sometimes they are further away. Therefore, the value used during this mathematical exploration was the mean value of when they are the furthest apart and the closest together. Astronomical units (AU) are the standard unit measure used when dealing with distances within the Solar System. 1 AU is equal to the distance from the Earth to the Sun which is equivalent tom. Distance from the Earth to Saturn when closer together 8.00 AU[3] Distance from the Earth to Saturn when further apart 11.0 AU3 Mean distance from the Earth to Saturn    AU   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   m The thickness of a normal A4 paper (0.210 297m) was calculated by taking a measurement of an office pack of 500 pages (80gsm) which was found to be about 0.05m. The thickness of each individual page is calculated by dividing the total thickness (0.05m) by the amount of sheets (500); giving a result of m. Whenever a paper is folded in half, the number of layers is doubled so the thickness increases by two. When there is only one layer of paper (not folded), its thickness is m. Once it is folded in half for the first time, its thickness will be multiplied by 2 hence, m Folding it one more time means multiplying it by two again, m Thus, an expression can be established, showing the exponential growth; The expression can be represented in a graph to illustrate graphically the exponential growth because of folding. Graph 1: From Graph 1, it is possible to visualise how, something that seems unrealistic like folding a sheet of paper to reach Saturn becomes possible. The graph also illustrates how rapidly exponential growth occurs. Since the expression needs to be equal to the distance from the Earth to Saturn to work out (the number of folds), an equation to find can be solved: Folds To find, the rules of logarithms were put in place due to the exponential nature of the equation. The answer has been rounded up to 54 because it is not possible to have a half fold. Gallivan derived the following formula for the minimum length of a piece of paper of thickness t to be folded n times in a single direction To prove this formula, it is neccesary to understand that after each fold, some part of the paper is lost and becomes a rounded edge. I folded an A4 sheet of paper seven times in order to illustrate this: As you can see from the picture, there is a rounded edge on the side which is paper being lost and is not contributing to the real thickness but just joining the layers. The curved portion becomes bigger in correlation with the number of folds and begins to take a greater area of the volume of the paper. At the first fold, a semicircle of radius t (thickness) is formed, which has a perimeter . Thus, units of the paper are being used in the fold.   A paper smaller than this cannot be folded since there is not enough paper to form the fold. After the fold, there is a two-layer sheet of paper with a thickness of 2t. Another fold results in folding the second layer over the first layer. The second layer has a radius of , so it uses units of paper. The total amount of paper used by the second fold, for both layers, is resulting in a four-layer piece of paper. The ith fold begings with layers, and folding the jth layer uses units of paper. Hence, the total length of paper used for the ith fold is given by Therefore, to obtain the total length of paper required for n number of folds, sum this over i from 1 to n, which gives Gallivans formula: The thickness can be substituted into t and the number of folds can be substituted into n which gives L to be equal to 1.70-1028m. The other expression proposed by Gallivan can be used to calculate the width of the paper. If the length lost in the radii of earlier folds is not considered, the length lost must be considered in the last fold. At the final fold n, the side of the square must be at least equal to the length lost in the final fold which is (amount of length lost in each fold. Taking into consideration that the total area of the sheet (area = nb of sheets in penultimate step area of square in penultimate step) is preserved, Gallivans equation can be derived: Again, the thickness and number of folds can be substituted and an answer for W can be found giving W to be 2.69-1020m. In conclusion, the initial hypothesis was right since the number of folds was 54 which is, indeed, greater than 50. The hypothetical paper that could, in theory, be folded 54 times so that its thickness equates the distance from the Earth to Saturn of m would be long and wide (taking into consideration that its thickness would bem). The dimensions of this paper would be bigger than the actual distance from the Earth to Saturn so, unfortunately, we do not have a paper that big that would allow us to reach to Saturn just by folding it in half. This mathematical exploration used logarithms to find out the number of folds needed to reach Saturn with a m thick paper. However, the dimensions of this sheet of paper would be too big and hence, impossible to find in the Earths surface. Nevertheless, the exploration could have looked at using a thinner piece of paper to see if its dimensions would have been smaller and perhaps, we would have been able to find it in the surface of the Earth and we would have been able to reach Saturn. References       Astronomy, S. (2012). How Far away is Saturn? [Online] Space.com. Available at: http://www.space.com/18477-how-far-away-is-saturn.html [Accessed 16 Jan. 2017]. IFLScience. (2016). Fold A Piece of Paper in Half 103 Times and It Will Be As Thick As the UNIVERSE. [Online] Available at: http://www.iflscience.com/space/fold-piece-paper-half-103-times-and-it-will-be-thick-universe/ [Accessed 16 Jan. 2017]. Pomonahistorical.org. (2002). Folding Paper in Half Twelve Times. [Online] Available at: http://pomonahistorical.org/12times.htm [Accessed 16 Jan. 2017]. [1] IFLScience. (2016). Fold A Piece of Paper in Half 103 Times and It Will Be As Thick As the UNIVERSE. [online] Available at: http://www.iflscience.com/space/fold-piece-paper-half-103-times-and-it-will-be-thick-universe/ [Accessed 16 Jan. 2017]. [2]Pomonahistorical.org. (2002). Folding Paper in Half Twelve Times. [online] Available at: http://pomonahistorical.org/12times.htm [Accessed 16 Jan. 2017]. [3] Astronomy, S. (2012). How Far away is Saturn? [online] Space.com. Available at: http://www.space.com/18477-how-far-away-is-saturn.html [Accessed 16 Jan. 2017].

brave new world :: essays research papers

Brave New World: Draft   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Huxley's: Brave New World takes into consideration so much of what really goes on in the world now. From the separation of the sexes to the, still in progress, cloning of the new millenium.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today regardless of all the women's rights acts and laws against discrimination due to race or sex, women still seem inferior in some ways. There are still housewives, while not as many as there were say fifty years ago, as well as women still found stuck in the kitchen cooking dinner for the husband as oppose to the husband taking hold of the kitchen and other household duties. Women, more commonly years ago, are often time s thought of as nothing more than a way to make a baby. In older times women were nothing, but the mere way of bearing a child. While male condoms are widely available and used, it is often times the responsibility of the woman to keep up with other birth control methods such as birth control, Depo-Provera shots, abortions and other forms of birth control.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From a political standpoint, there has yet to be a female president in the United States of America. In fact male politicians out weigh the number of female politicians hands down. There are only males in charge of everything throughout Brave New World. All of the power is left to men to distribute. In fact, most directors or supervisors of big, major companies and firms are usually male. Not that a woman couldn't perform the same duties just as efficiently, women are just more commonly found lower down the working scale. In addition to the majority of higher positioned workers being men, there are a number of cases where men and women may perform equal jobs, yet the men still earn a higher salary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another stretch of the world we live in today is the explicit use of drugs. In America there are a ridiculously high number of people who use or abuse drugs. I compared a commonly used drug such as ecstasy, shrooms or even alcohol to the very frequently used drug, soma that was used in Brave New World. Alcoholics who drink a lot here in the United States sometimes beat their wives (husbands), children or drive drunk. Sometimes people simply drink socially, such as many college students are known to do, but still get a false since of happiness that exists only while they are drunk.

God and Person :: essays research papers

God and Person   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The word â€Å"person† can be interpreted and defined in many different ways, and there are many different aspects to consider when stating what a person really is. Accomplishments, goals, likes, dislikes, and experiences in life make a person who he or she really is. Traits most â€Å"central† to being a person include consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, the capacity to communicate, and having a self-concept. A mind does contribute to a person’s self—a mind is what makes up part of a person, yet does not define one. A soul is the greatest element of a person. Your instincts, personality, and true feelings are all held within the soul of a person. But last, but not least, society has a major contribution and influence on a person, and can sometimes help define what a person really is. There are so many different ideas running free in society that people latch on to, creating and assisting in molding who a person really is. Certain principles and standards of society influence people’s choices and beliefs in life. Society is not a substantial part of who a particular person is, but it is an amazing contributing factor. Events, relationships, and situations throughout someone’s life do show what a person really is. A person is someone who has many different emotions and thoughts within themselves, and the life that one lives through, or the events that one sees, also helps to establish who and what a person evolves and discovers himself or herself to be. A person is someone who stands up for what they believe in to help a cause, someone who appreciates who they are and what life really is, and someone who can decipher the concept and meaning of right from wrong. A person has many aspects, but it is not one particular thing that makes a person a person. It’s mind, body, soul, social issues, and other qualities rolled into one. Epistemological considerations are also used in the definition of a person when considering and bringing God into the picture. Epistemology is being able to know what you know about God; therefore, a person is also made up of beliefs and ideas too. We know about God by reading books, listening to the Word of God at Mass, looking over the Bible, etc., but you must often have faith to even believe in God. Faith and mystery both play majors roles when considering God in the light of the human person.

Good And Evil Are Bedfellows in Flannery O’Connor A Good Man is Hard to

The Flannery O’Connor story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† illustrates a parallel between the Misfit and the grandmother, showing that good and evil are not mutually exclusive in an individual. The grandmother and the Misfit display a flowing, changing state of character, representative of this shift. Flannery O’Connor develops these two characters on the surface as simply being a good person and a bad person. However, there is more to each character than the surface level, as they exhibit traits that wouldn’t ordinarily seem fitting in regards to what would be expected. It is this complexity in human characteristics that O’Connor takes the time to develop and show the audience the depth of humanity. William Burke defines the bond between the Misfit and the grandmother by observing a â€Å"shared moral principle† (99). This moral principle is the belief that they deem themselves a good person, though, for entirely different reasons. As the family begins its trip, despite her initial objections, the grandmother is content with the ride (O’Connor 203). Her agreeable nature portrays her as being a kind old woman and therefore the good person she strives to be. Despite his criminal history, the Misfit is introduced as a considerate motorist, stopping to help the injured family and their damaged vehicle (208). Considering his reputation, had he truly been a man of evil, the family would have been in immediate danger, as opposed to just the point from when the grandmother recognized him. Upon the realization that the Misfit may, in fact, be no different than one of her own children, her subsequent murder reveals the Misfit’s own regrets about his misdeeds (Oà ¢â‚¬â„¢Connor 212). On the other hand, the grandmother and the Misfit both â€Å"act... ...s in mind â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Come By† because a solely good man is a rarity among individuals. Regardless of the role the person may have in society, a grandmother or a criminal, perhaps, there are more intricate blends in a personality than just good or evil. Works Cited Burke, William. "Protagonists and antagonists in the fiction of Flannery O'Connor." The Southern Literary Journal 20 (1988): 99. Evans, R. (1997, January). A good man is hard to find. Short Fiction: A Critical Companion, Retrieved November 23, 2008, from Literary Reference Center database. Kane, Richard. "Positive deconstruction in the fiction of Flannery O'Connor." The Southern Literary Journal 20 (1987): 45. O’Connor, Flannery. â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. Robert DiYanni. 6th ed. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2007. 202-212.

Philippine Literature Essay

Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally; oral pieces have a communal authorship – it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself; – Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought about by the Spanish colonization; however, according to the Philippine Literature: A History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B. & Lumbera C. ), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the country’s history; – Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well; – Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes; – Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance); – This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence – literature as a cultural tradition, than a form of art that had a particular set of decorum.  · Early Forms of Philippine Literature: o Bugtong (riddles; a bugtong contains a metaphor called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb); o Pre-colonial poetry – Tanaga (expresses a view or a value of the world), Ambahan (songs about childhood, human relationships, hospitality; sung by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok (thoughts about love), Balagtasan (performed on stage); o Epic poetry – romantic heroes and heroines that are a reflection of the world as perceived by the early Filipinos.  · Notable Works of the Pre-colonial Period: o Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, Bantugan II. Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th – late 19th century) – The Spanish culture, as reflected in the works of this literature period, showed a clash with the pre-colonial Filipino literature in the beginning. However, due to the length of stay of the colonizers, the Spanish culture was eventually imbued in the Filipino literature of the period; – Religion became an important theme that had influenced the early Filipino writings which had the presence of paganism – â€Å"Christian Folk-Tale†; – In addition, the influence of religion, besides on the daily life of the natives, was lead by the friar/missionary/parish priest who were appointed by the Spanish government; – Despite the goal of the Spanish government to turn the country into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish influence ironically inspired a reformation from the natives, which eventually turned into a revolution; – Yet regardless of the conflicts that plagued the relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a sense of nationalism was formed among the oppressed, and had caused them to rise up to a nationalistic cause; – The essay genre was recognized amidst the scene of editorial protest – Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who opt in using the pen in voicing out the people’s cry instead of the sword; – Introduction of the roman alphabet that gradually replaced the ‘alibata’; – The Filipino literature of this period became the predecessor of many more literary works to come in the ages, wherein the theme of nationalism and freedom of speech would be evident.  · Philippine Literature and Art during the Spanish Period: o Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious dramas performed during the Holy Week); o Narrative Poems – Awit; Corrido; o Komedya – a theatrical performance which captured the ideal European lifestyle as portrayed by medieval characters  · Notable Works of the Spanish Period: o Doctrina Christiana (1593) – the first book ever published in the Philippines; printed by the Dominican Press; o May Bagyo Mat’ May Rilim – according to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the first printed literary work in Tagalog; o Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong P. Natin na Tola (1704) – eventually referred to as â€Å"Pasyon,† was written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen; an example of Christian folk epic in which the passion of Jesus Christ was written in relation with the plight of the Filipino people who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the values of a Filipino; o Ninay (1885) – first Filipino novel written; Pedro Paterno; o Florante at Laura – Francisco â€Å"Balagtas† Baltazar; though there are symbols and themes which dictate the protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue – which was subtly derived from his work – since he left no notes or additional pieces that may affirm the conclusion; o Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) – Jose Rizal; works which created an impact on the national consciousness and love for one’s country against the abusive government of the Spaniards; o La Solidaridad – Propagandist newspaper. III. American Colonial Period (Late 19th – Mid-20th century) – The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish; – The English language eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in schools; – As the Spanish colonizers left the country in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear just yet. Instead, these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers; – During the American colonization period, Philippine literature reflected the ethos of its people under a new role. However, these day-to-day experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were expressed through the English language; – The Spanish ‘sarsuwela’ was eventually replaced by the ‘drama’; – One major influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literature is its refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American government, Philippine literature has become more than a tradition formed by culture. It has become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights continue to build upon and enrich in every generation; – Beginning with Rizal’s use of social realism as one of the major themes for his two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience – a strengthened sense of nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture; – Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e. g. Gregoria de Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporaries – as a result of the education only being provided to a selected and privileged few – during the American occupation, women have had their opportunity to enhance their talent by being educated on the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result of the growing audience appreciating literature by females.  · Philippine Literature and Art during the American Period: o Short Story o Poetry in English o Free Verse in Poetry o Drama  · Notable Works of the American Period: o Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) – Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat; this short story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernism; o Ako ang Daigdig (1940) – Alejandro G. Abadilla; free verse poem; o Sa Dakong Silangan – Jose Corazon de Jesus; a poem written in the vernacular http://lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. html

Information Seeking Behaviour of Primary School Teachers in Nigeria

TOPIC: THE INFORMATION NEEDS, SOURCES AND SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF TEACHERS IN NIGERIA PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN IBADAN. PROBLEM STATEMENT: Every human needs information to solve a given problem and make decisions. There have been studies that have been focusing on the behavioural patterns of information seeking of humans, organisations and systems, but majority of these studies have been mainly on the information seeking behaviour of higher education stakeholders, industrial, economic and social societies.Studies have not been carried out on the educational grassroots (primary education). This study would focus on the patterns of information seeking behaviour of primary school teachers. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the patterns in the information-seeking behaviour of teachers in primary schools in Ibadan metropolis. An in-depth analysis of what kind of information sources are used to cater for the growing needs a teacher, the channels used in conveying these sources and the teacher motivation factor.It is hoped that this study will lead to a better understanding of the information needs of teachers in primary education. OBJECTIVES: This study strives to assess the information needs and information seeking behaviour of teachers in primary schools in Ibadan metropolis. The objectives of this study are: a. To identify the information needs of teachers in primary schools their perceptual feelings that arise from these needs. b. To examine the selected attributes of information that primary school teacher’s value in their selection of information sources and content. . To identify the media/channels used to access their information. d. To identify the challenges in meeting their information needs. e. To examine teachers evaluation of selected information sources. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: a. What are the main sources used by primary school teachers to meet their information needs? b. What are the major barriers in meeting their information needs? c. Do te achers get all the information required from the required sources? d. Are these sources of information sourced for within or outside the schooling environment? . What is the level of awareness, accessibility, availability and satisfaction teachers gain when using this information sources? f. What are the relationships between their information needs and selected demographic fact? SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS: This study would be conducted with the awareness that certain limitations would be present during the design and the instruments used: This study would only be focused on the information needs and seeking behaviour of public primary school teachers in LAGELU local government area of Ibadan Oyo state.

My Best Holiday

Most of all I want to travel all around the world. I want to see new places and learn about different cultures. I love travelling so travelling around the whole world would be a dream come true. There are so many places I want to visit. I have been in 8 countries. One of them is England. I want to tell you about that trip, because it was a dream holiday. The trip lasted for 4 days. It was a girl trip, only me and my mum. We had to take the coast bus to Haugesund very early at the morning. We arrived Haugesund airport and took the plain to Stansted airport in London. I was very excited and had huge expectations because I had heard a lot positive about London before. When we took the bus from the airport to the hotel, I looked at the places we drove true. The houses were different from norway, a lot of them were made of brick. I could see already that london was a lot bigger than Stavanger. We came to a hotel, called Picadilly hotel or something, because the hotel was in a place called Picadilly sircus. Me and my mum were both tiard after the trip, so we decided to relax a bit this first evening. We took the sightseeing bus and looked at all the nice buildings, and for me who is interessted in culture (buildings, nature and so on) this was awsome. The bus trip lasted for about one hour. In the beginning of the trip it was light and we saw everything perfectly clear, we saw big ben, buckingham palace, and a lot of other increadable buildings. After some minutes it became a bit dark, and it was so nice to be on the sightseen bus, it was beautiful. A lot of light from all the buildings and bridges and so on. It was really an amazing journey just to sit on that bus. After that bustrip the clock was around nine/ten, then me and my mum walked in the streets of london and looked at the nightlife. The clock was ten and it was already so full of life in london city. So many different people, so many cool nighclubs, and so many cool stores. Ofcourse the stores were closed that late,but we looked forward to the next day, and the day after that, to do a lot of shopping in oxford street! I said earlier it was a girl trip so ofcourse we had to shop like crazy. That is one thing I connect with london, shopping! After we had seen enough of the unbelievable nightlife, we were very tiard, and went back to the hotel. We went to bed and slept as stones. The next day we woke up and ate breakfast at mc donalds acually, belive it or not. But well it is my favourite food. We took a look in the stores and we did some shopping, but we had the whole day tomorrow to shop, so we saved most of our money to the next day. This day we went to a museum called madame toussoud. I cant explain with words how much I liked that museum. Usually I think that museums are boring and not interesting, but this wasen`t boring at all, it was really cool. A lot of famous people made of wax. We took a lot of pictures, for axample my mum took a picture of me standing between prins Charles and prins Harry. There were also a lot of other famous people, like: Orlando Bloom, Will Smith, John Travolta, Bush, Adolf Hitler, among others. There was also a little room, in that room there were real people dressed in scary customs. I went inside with some other people, and seriously I was scared to death. A mummy came towards me, and all the other people was running away, but I was left there for a while, because the mummy wouldn`t let me go. That was so scary. I was screaming like crazy. After some seconds I tried to get away from that creapy mummy, but he ran after me. I reached the other people, then I felt a lot more safe. Then suddenly there came an arm out of the wall, that tried to reach me. Oh I was so frightened, even though they were just real persons with custums. When I finally came out of the room, I was shacking and my heart were almost jumping out. But I did laugh, and was surprised of how scared I was in there. After we had been to madame toussoud we went to an italian restaurant. There were a lot of good food there, yammi.. We went back to the hotel, changed some clothes and then we went to a musical. We saw the phantom of the opera. It was so fun. The people were so good actresses and good singers. And it was an experience too be there. The musical room was so beautiful, and people were dressed up very nice. The atmosphere was absolutly great! I really recommend going to a musical in london, its nothing like theatre at home, its thousands time better. After the musical we went to a cosy little bar. There we met some guys from Australia. I had a good eye on one of the boys, and we flirted a bit with each other. He came over to me and my mum and started to talk to us. He seemed like a really kind and handsome boy, Adam was his name. Adam and his friends asked us if we wanted to come with them to another bar, after some yes and no, we decided to come with them. We got to know them, and they were some great guys. Adam gave me his e-mail and wanted me to write to him the first day I got home norway. Me and my mum went back to the hotel. we got our beauty sleep and woke up the day after with butterflies in our stomach. Today was the big shopping day.. We tried to walk to Oxford street from our hotel, but we didnt find out were it was so we took taxi. It was so many stores, I didnt know where to start. We bought a lot of clothes, well I certainly did. My mum thought I was a crazy shopper. Well im a teenage girl, that may explain it. Our legs hurt afterwards, and we couldn`t wait to come back to the hotel. I had bought so many clothes that we had to buy a new bag to have the clothes in. When we had relaxed a bit on the hotel, we ate at a steak house restaurant. It was very expencive there, but the food was absolutely worth the money. We went to the cinema and we saw the break-up with Jennifer Aniston. That was an okey movie. Not the best, but still it was cool to be there and perfect when our legs were hurting form all our shopping. Then we went to bed. The next day we had to get up very early, around 5 o`clock in the morning. Then we had to take the taxi to the bus, and the bus to Stansted airport. We arrived at Haugsund aiport and took the coastbus home to Stavanger. We came home about 5 `clock in the evening. It was nice to sleep in my own bed again, but four days was definitely not enought. London was great. I would like to travel back at least one more time. This was my dream holiday, and it came true. I wonder where I will end up next time, maybe Cuba, Paris, Rome, Venize, Careabeen, and so on. Can bearly wait for the next trip. This london trip will be hard to beat, but we never know.

Implementation of Porter Dimond Theory in Beximco

Report On â€Å"Implementation of Porter Diamond theory in Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd† Course Title: International Business Course Code:BUS-302 Semester: Fall’12 PREPARED FOR: Gouranga Chandra Debnath Senior LECTURER, Department of Business Administration FACULTY OF BUSINESS & ECONOMICS (DIU) PREPARED BY: Esteak Ahmed ID: 091-11-809 Contents Chapter 12 Introduction2 Background of the Report:2 1. 5 Overview of the Porter Diamond Theory:4 Chapter 26 2. 2 Firm Structure, Strategy, and Rivalry6 2. 3 Demand condition8 2. 4 Factors of Endowments: (both basic and advance)10 2. Related and supporting industry:12 2. 7 Overall analysis of the company position based on porter’s diamond:13 Log Frame:14 Chapter 316 Conclusion:16 3. 2 Recommendations16 3. 3 References:16 Chapter 1 In an attempt to master and perfect the trade system many research has been conducted and many theories has been proposed. International Trade Theory provides explanations for the pattern of interna tional trade and the distribution of the gains from trade. In an attempt to master and perfect the trade system many research has been conducted and many theories has been proposed.International Trade Theory provides explanations for the pattern of international trade and the distribution of the gains from trade. Introduction Background of the Report: For thousands of years humans are involved in trade and always tried to perfect this system. In an attempt to master and perfect the trade system many research has been conducted and many theories has been proposed. International trade theory provides explanations for the pattern of international trade and the distribution of the gains from trade.The theory convinces most economists of the benefits of liberal trade. But many non-economists oppose liberal trade. Opponents include some who may have encountered trade theory but nevertheless fall prey to fallacious reasoning. Porter diamond theory is an attempt of Professor Porter to expla in the apparent relationship of international trade and other components of a country. Apparently pharmaceutical sector is technologically the most developed manufacturing industries in Bangladesh and the third largest industry in terms of contribution to government’s revenue.Porter Diamond theory can be implemented to a company of this sector to understand the prospects, potentials, and problems of this sector. 1. 1 Purpose Of The Report: The purpose of the report is to implement the porter diamond theory in the Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd Company of Bangladesh and to understand the problems, prospects and potential of this company. 1. 3 Methodology: Secondary data are used to analyze the implementation of the Porter Diamond Theory. 1. 4 Objective of the study The objectives of this study are- * To find out whether all the element of Porter’s diamond are available in the company. To find out our company’s current condition in the market and also the opportuniti es and prospects. * Porter Diamond Theory is the result of an intensive research conducted by Michael Porter and his team on 100 industries of 10 nations. For Porter the essential task was to explain why a nation achieves international success in a particular industry. Pharmaceutical industry contributes the 1% of the total GDP of Bangladesh. Porter Diamond Theory is the result of an intensive research conducted by Michael Porter and his team on 100 industries of 10 nations.For Porter the essential task was to explain why a nation achieves international success in a particular industry. Pharmaceutical industry contributes the 1% of the total GDP of Bangladesh. To analyze the current situation of the rivals * To discuss the demand condition & customer base 1. 5 Overview of the Porter Diamond Theory: Porter Diamond Theory is a creation of Michael Porter of the Harvard Business School. In 1990 he published the result of an intensive research effort that attempted to determine why some nations succeed and other fail in international completions.Porter and his team looked at 100 industries of 10 nations. Like the work of new trade theorists, Porters work was driven by a belief that the existing theories of international theory told the half of the story. For Porter the essential task was to explain why a nation achieves international success in a particular industry. Porter argues that four broad attributes promote or impede the creation of competitive advantage. These attributes are: * Factor of Endowments * Demand Condition * Relating and Supportive Industries. * Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry.Porter maintains two additional variables that can influence international business: * Government * Chance 1. 6 Overview of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Bangladesh: Pharmaceutical sector is technologically the most developed manufacturing industries in Bangladesh and the third largest industry in terms of contribution to government’s revenue. The industry co ntributes about 1% of the total GDP. There are about 250 licensed pharmaceutical manufacturers in the country; however, currently a little over 100 companies are in operation.It is highly concentrated as top 20 companies produce 85% of the revenue. According to IMS, a US-based market research firm, the retail market size is estimated to be around BDT 84 billion as on 2011. Bangladesh pharmaceutical companied focus primarily on branded generic final formulations, mostly using imported APIs (Active Pharmaceuticals Ingredient). Branded generics are a category of drugs, including prescription products, that are either novel dosage forms of off-patent products produced by a manufacturer that is not the originator of the olecule, or a molecule copy of an off-patent product with a trade name. About 85% of the drugs sold in Bangladesh are generics and 15% are patented drugs – the structure differs significantly from the international market. Branded generic drugs represent about 25% years. The success of the pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh can be defined by the Porter Diamond Theory. Bangladesh manufactures about 450 generic drugs for 5,300 registered brands which have 8,300 different forms of dosages and strengths.These include a wide range of products from anti-ulcerates, flour quinolones, anti-rheumatic non-steroid drugs, non-narcotic analgesics, antihistamines, and oral anti-diabetic drugs. Some larger firms have also started producing anti-cancer and anti-retroviral drugs. Domestic manufacturers account for 97% of the drug sales in the local market while the remaining 3% are imported. This is a complete turnaround over from two/three decades back when imports are a complete turnaround over from two/three decades back when imports used to dominate the market.The imported drugs include essential live saving drugs and other high quality drugs. The ratio will further increase in favor of the local production as some of the big players are poised to manuf acture these high quality drugs in-house in the future. 1. 7 Overview of the Company: Beximco Pharmaceutical Limited (BPL) is one of the largest pharmaceuticals company in Bangladesh. Beximco Pharma was founded in 1976 and started operations in 1980, manufacturing products under the licenses of Bayer AG of Germany and Upjohn Inc. of USA.It has now grown to become a leading pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh, and it supplies more than 10% of country's total medicinal needs. Today Beximco Pharma manufactures and markets its own branded generics for several diseases including AIDS, cancer, asthma, hypertension, and diabetes for both national and international markets. The company owns and operates modern  pharmaceutical factories mainly in Bangladesh and also has a separate division to operate a modern chemical factory which produces and sells basic chemical products. It also has divisions to produce and sell agro vet and pesticide products.Chapter 2 2. 1 Implementation Of the Theo ry As we said before we studied our company based on Porter’s diamond which include four  internal factors which are- 1. Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry 2. Demand conditions 3. Factor Conditions (both basic and advance) 4. Related and Supporting Industries And two external factors which influence the factors mentioned above are- 1. Chance 2. Government 2. 2 Firm Structure, Strategy, and Rivalry Our Position in Bangladesh: In Bangladesh there are currently a total of 245 companies out of which 200 have operations in the country.The market is totally dominated by the local companies and there are only 5 multi-nationals currently operating. The 245 companies’ together have5300 brands registered in Bangladesh. Among this companies BPL is one of the leader  with almost 8. 4% of the market share. Company (BDT m)| Market Size| Growth in 2011| Market Share| | | | 2010| 2011| SPL Pharmaceuticals | 15,725. 8 | 20. 5% | 18. 7% | 19. 2% | Incepta Pharmaceuticals | 7,851. 5 | 28. 6% | 9. 3% | 9. 0% | Beximco Pharmaceuticals | 7,415. 0 | 30. 5% | 8. 8% | 8. 4% | Opsonin Pharma | 4,275. 4 | 27. 2% | 5. 1% | 4. % | Renata | 4,076. 8 | 26. 1% | 4. 9% | 4. 8% | Eskayef Bangladesh | 3,980. 3 | 18. 9% | 4. 7% | 4. 9% | ACI | 3,578. 2 | 24. 9% | 4. 3% | 4. 2% | Acme Pharmaceutical | 3,500. 7 | 13. 7% | 4. 2% | 4. 5% | Aristopharma | 3,412. 8 | 26. 3% | 4. 1% | 4. 0% | Drug International | 3,070. 2 | 18. 9% | 3. 7% | 3. 8% | Top 10 Companies | 56,886. 5 | 23. 6% | 67. 7% | 67. 7% | Top 20 Companies | 71,382. 5 | 24. 1% | 84. 9% | 84. 6% | Others Companies | 12,661. 6 | 20. 7% | 15. 1% | 15. 4%| Total Sector| 84,044. 1| 23. 6%| | | Source: World Bank Table 1: Major Players In the Market . 2(a) Company structure: BPL gives highest importance to the principles of Corporate Governance and its implementation within the organization. In BPL we follow some rules like: 1. All new recruits at BPL undergo a mandatory training on Company’s Code of Conduct. 2. Fr om the very inception, BPL like the other Strategic Business Units (SBU) of  the Group maintains and upholds HR policies that are consistent with the Labor  Laws of the country. 3. BPL Pharmaceuticals Ltd leads the Group in encouraging workers’ freedom of association and their right for collective bargaining. . The Company follows laws and encourages a work environment that welcomes diversity and fair treatment in the recruiting process and the workplace. 5. BPL encourages diversity and equal employment opportunity in the recruiting  process and the workplace. 6. The Company pursues policies that proactively address all forms of  discriminations in terms of minority, gender and cultural issues. 2. 2(b) Company strategy: For years our company’s strategy is to capture the maximum share through customer  satisfaction by quality product. In words we put our strategies in this way: 1.In BPL we value, above all, for top quality health care products at the least cos t reaching the lowest rungs of the economic class of people in the country. 2. We are obliged to our shareholders and strive for protection of their capital as well as ensure highest return and growth of their assets. 3. We try hard for best compensation to all the employees who constitute the back-  bone of the management and operational strength of the Company 4. BPL endeavor for best co-operation of the creditors ; debtors the banks ;financial institutions, the suppliers of raw material, the providers of utilities-  power, gas ; water etc. nd the customers 5. BPL fulfills her responsibility to the Government through payment of entire range of due taxes, duties, and claim to various public agencies. 6. We strive, as responsibilities citizen, for a social order devoid of malpractices, anti-environmental behaviors, unethical and corruptive dealings. 2. 2. b (1) Long term corporate vision: In order to meet increasing demand in the domestic as well as foreign markets, BPL has unde rtaken an ambitious expansion program to be completed in two phases. †¢The first phase, which is already under way, is expected to be completed by 2012at a total cost of BDT 3. billion. We anticipate a 25% cost overrun for a final cost of BDT 4. 5 billion. The first phase is expected to nearly double the current capacity. †¢The second phase will start in 2014, completing in 2017 for a total cost of BDT2. 0 billion (including an estimated cost overrun of 25%). We expect the expansion programs contributing to revenue growth after 2012. We made an assumption that the new plants will operate with an 85% efficiency and after the year  of completion, 25% of the capacity will come on line in each of the following four years. Second phase will also do the same. 2. 2. b(2) Financial condition:BPL Pharmaceuticals Ltd (BPL) is one of the two Public Limited Companies of the Group that is listed at the two stock exchanges of Bangladesh. And company’s share is considered as â⠂¬ËœBlue Chip’ at both the stock exchanges. BPL Pharmaceuticals is the stand out market leader with a market share of 19. 3%and domestic revenues of BDT 11. 2 billion in the four quarters from April 2009 to March 2010. Because of its dominating presence throughout the country, BPL has enjoyed steady growth in sales volume. Cost of sales as percentage of sales has also been declining gradually over the year, improving gross margin. . 2(c) Domestic Rivals: As we said before BPL Pharmaceuticals stands at number three in terms of market share of 8. 4% and domestic revenues of BDT 8,860. 3 MM in the four quarters from April 2009 to March 2010. BPL’s nearest competitors are Incepta Pharmaceuticals and SPL Pharmaceuticals with market shares of 8. 5% and 19. 2% respectively. Incepta and SPL had BDT 4. 9 billion and BDT 11 billion in domestic sales for the last four  quarters. Although a number of MNCs are operational in Bangladesh, no MNC is among the top ten in terms of dom estic sales.Between two top rivals we consider BPL to be our arch rival though their market share is almost half compared to ours but here we have tried to find out there position in the market. Here’s market study of BPL: If we analyze the present market condition of BPL we can clearly see that it is in a good position. 2. 3 Demand condition In Bangladesh we have huge demand for its products. The demand of local market has helped us to build a strong customer base and gave us the strength to go for international market. The huge demand of our market leaded us to produce large volume of product.The medicines we are producing now are given bellow: 2. 3(a) Products Category: BPL offers a range of pharmaceutical products (400 types of medicine), which include 1. Tablets 2. Capsules 3. Suppositories 4. Injections 5. Liquids 6. Spray, Drops, Ointment, Cream and Powder 7. Oral Dry Powders. 8. Dry Powder Inhalers 9. Metered Dose Inhalers 2. 3(b) Types of Customer: By maintaining the quality we set our price conveniently for the mass population of  Bangladesh. We never compromise about our drugs quality thus we acquire the thrust of  our customer. 2. 3(c) Present Market status:Besides Bangladesh demand of international market driven us to supply our product in these markets †¢ Europe: UK; †¢ Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Iraq, Macau, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, The Philippines, Vietnam, Yemen; †¢ Africa: Comoros Islands, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania; †¢ South America: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala And these are the market under there exploration: †¢ Asia: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Laos, Maldives, Mongolia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, UAE; Africa: Algeria, Botswana, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa; †¢ South America: Jam aica, Chili 2. 3(d) CSR activities: Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is one of the signatory of UN Global Compact in Bangladesh. Our CSR activities helped us to increase our demand. Some examples of our  activities are: †¢ BPL supports global business community to uphold social issues in businessoperations and being convinced of the benefits which will accrue out of voluntaryadherence to universally recognized social values in transaction of businesses. †¢BPL regularly interacts with the underprivileged segment of the societydirectly or through different NGOs. †¢ The Company assists the HIV positive/AIDS patients in gaining better access tomedicine through donation of AIDS medicine to local NGOs. †¢ BPL has donated two ambulances to Pabna Municipal Corporation ; IshwardiMunicipal Corporation for public use. 2. 4 Factors of Endowments: (both basic and advance) 2. 4(a) Basic factors: Basic factors like natural resources, climate geography demography everything is in our  favor in Bangladesh to produce and provide quality health care. . 4 (b) Advance factors condition: In the discussion bellow we tried to describe the advance factors condition of our  company at present. 2. 4. b. (1) R and D department: Beximco has a strong reverse engineering. It has made a collaborative research agreement with Ciba Specialty Chemicals of Switzerland in proprietary research. In formulation R;D, it focuses principally on developing new formulations, predominantly through reverse engineering. BPL also focuses on simplifying manufacturing processes and improving cost efficiency.Its growing innovation is evident from successful launching of a number of cutting-edge products (for example, Oseltamivir capsules for bird ; swine flu treatments, ARVs, anti-cancer products etc. ) advanced formulations like multi-layer tablets, sustained release formulations, dispersible tablets, chewable vitamins etc. With considerable experience in MDI formulations, BPL’s R;D team has successfully developed a range of CFC-free HFA MDIs. In addition, BPL is also developing a number of APIs to ensure availability of raw materials across the range of therapeutic classes.Beximco Pharma has also signed agreements for collaborative research with leading international API manufacturers to strengthen its API pipeline in order to fully capitalize the WTO patent opportunity. 2. 4. b(2) Human recourse: Strategic Human Resource Development Programs are the energy sources for BPLHR for running towards the peak of success. BPL employs more than 2,400 staff, including over 300 qualified professionals such as pharmacists, chemists, microbiologists, engineers, doctors etc. BPL is the third largest pharmaceutical manufacturing company in Bangladesh with net sales of BDT 4. 7 million, according to the 2009 annual report. We believe in company growth by increasing efficiency level of  employees and for that offering excellent environment and support for skill and knowled ge up gradation. Our HR department– ensures the strong supporting role to develop & implement HR policy guidelines for ensuring uninterrupted operation and spontaneous participation to achieve organizational objective as well as fulfillment of employee needs. – maintain an effective way to deal with labor union and still no unrest has been recorded as dispute. 2. 4. b(3) Raw materials:We are proud to say that we are capable of producing raw materials for our own medicines. Some info about our firm’s capability of production is given bellow :(a) API unit: Established in 1992 and commercial production started in 1995. It is presently the largest quality-bulk drugs manufacturer in the country producing international standard bulk pharmaceuticals to satisfy more than hundred pharmaceutical companies throughout the country. b) Factory plants: BPL Pharmaceuticals has invested in state of the art formulation plants aligned to regulated market standards.Four plants base d on the Dhaka site can produce  pharmaceutical products to the highest GMP specifications. These four plants are: †¢ General plant (approved by MHRA) †¢ Cephalosporin plant (quality systems aligned to MHRA requirements, plant being  prepared for EU regulatory agencies and FDA inspections) †¢ BFS plant (quality systems aligned to MHRA requirements, plant being prepared for EU regulatory agencies and FDA inspections) †¢ Biotech (insulin) plant under construction These plants have been designed by internationally recognized firms and equipped with the best machines that can currently be found on the European and US markets.BPL Pharmaceuticals has also created quality systems and SOPs according to FDA and EU regulatory agencies specifications 2. 4. b(4) Distribution system: It has one of the largest distribution channels in the pharmaceutical industry. The sales force of Beximco, led by a large number of â€Å"medical representatives†, is one of the most aggressive among all local manufacturers. This ensures that BPL’s products always have a considerably large outreach. 2. 4. b (5) Technology: Beximco Pharma has always been a pioneer in adopting innovative technologies that introduced both sophistication and scale in the business processes.The company’s focus on technology is intended to take the company to a standard which would match with other top global generic pharma companies. BPL is the pioneer company from Bangladesh in introducing technology driven (specialty) products in local and international markets. Such specialty products include: – Inhalation aerosols, including Ozone-benign HFA MDIs – Suppositories – Nasal sprays Beximco Pharma has shown its capability in the past by installing state-of-the-art MDI plant and IV fluid plant in collaboration with Pamasol, Switzerland and Pharmaplan, Germany, a sister concern of Fresenius AG, Germany. 2. Related and supporting industry: Related and su pporting industries like Hospitals and health centers Healthcare  professionals Insurance and public health bodies Retail pharmacies and stores diagnosticcenters etc are available to support our business firm. In 2006 the total number of hospitals in Bangladesh was 1683. Of these 1683 hospitals, 678 were government hospitals and 1005 were non-governmental 2. 6 The condition of two external factors: Chance and Government: BPL have enough chance and government support throughout our company life. The  prove of it is the rate of our market share and growth in our country.Though we have some restriction from government about the advertising of our medicine in the media but except that we have our governments’ full support where we need it. 2. 7 Overall analysis of the company position based on porter’s diamond: Why Beximco Pharma is doing well ? The answer lies in the Porter’s diamond as we can see from our report the entire element that make a successful indust ries are there in the market. It has strong supporting industries that help us to stay firmly in its feet. It has got all the factors endowment both basic and advanced.It got a study demand and customer base. And last but not the list its strategies structure is strong enough to face out rivals bluntly. Though we know BPL got strong competition in the market but the pace they are moving we know we are strong enough to any kind threat no matter from where it’s coming from. Factors of Endowments (both basic and advanced) Factors of Endowments (both basic and advanced) Related and Supporting Industries Related and Supporting Industries Demand conditions Demand conditions Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry Firm Strategy, Structure, and RivalryLog Frame: Intervention Logic| Objectively verifiable indicators| Source of Verification| Factors of Endowments-Basic Factors-Advanced Factors -communication Distribution System -Skill Labor Human Resource-Research -RnD-Technology| -Avail ability ofNatural resources, climate geography demography is in favor. It has one of the biggest distribution systems in Bangladesh. 2,400 staff, including over 300 qualified professionals such as pharmacists, chemists, microbiologists, engineers, doctors etc. Oseltamivir capsules for bird ; swine flu treatments, ARVs, anti-cancer products etc. advanced formulations like multi-layer tablets, sustained release formulations, dispersible tablets, chewable vitamins etc. – Inhalation aerosols, including Ozone benign HFA MDIs – Suppositories – Nasal sprays-Installing state-of-the-art MDI plant and IV fluid plant in collaboration with Pamasol, Switzerland and Pharmaplan, Germany, a sister concern of Fresenius AG, Germany. | World BankAnnual Report 2011Annual Report 2011Annual Report 2011Annual Report 2011| Firm Structure, Strategy, and Rivalry-Structure-Strategy-Rivalry| Corporate Governance -mandatory training on Company’s Code of Conduct. BPL like the other St rategic Business Units (SBU-collective bargaining. -diversity and fair treatment in the recruiting process -diversity and equal employment opportunity-Top quality health care products at the least cost reaching the lowest rungs -Highest return and growth of shareholders assets. -Best compensation to all the employees. -Best co-operation of the creditors ; debtors the banks ;financial institutions. -Supporting the Government through payment of entire range of due taxes, duties, and claim to various public agencies-Rivalry among existing firms is intense. Incepta Pharmaceuticals and SPL Pharmaceuticals with market shares of 8. 5% and 19. 2% respectively. | Annual Report 2011World Bank| Demand Condition| -Huge demand of local market -large volume of product -Range of pharmaceutical products and 400 types of medicine. -Maintaining the quality setting the price conveniently. Exports: Europe: UK;Asia, Africa, South America| World Bank| Related And Supportive Industries| In 2006 the total number of hospitals in Bangladesh was 1683. Of these 1683 hospitals, 678 were government hospitals and 1005 were non-governmental. Wikipedia| Chapter 3 Conclusion: BPL Pharmaceuticals Ltd, as part of a progressive business group, believes that the advancement of good health occurs not only through the innovation, production and distribution of its products, but also through the creation and preservation of a healthy environment. Transparency is a core value of BPL Pharmaceuticals Ltd and other  SBUs of the Group and is strictly followed at every step of the business process. BPL Pharmaceuticals Limited has extended her range of services towards the highway of global market.We believe the way we are leading towards our goal soon we will be known as one of the top leading pharmaceutical company on the world 3. 2 Recommendations After analyze the whole report we can recommend that – †¢ We have to give more emphasis on the technological support to compete in global market because after 2016 the TRIPS agreement will expire. †¢ Should pursue the government to established export cell to promote export of  pharmaceuticals to grab and capitalized the huge export opportunity in LDCs. †¢ R;D activities of the company have to be improved if it wants to compete with global players. Patent Law, which is valid up to 2016 for Least Developed Countries like Bangladesh. After 2016 the advantage enjoyed by Bangladesh will evaporate so to face that condition we have to prepare our selves. †¢ Though we have our own API plant still we have to import the API equipment’s  but we should try to produce our own API requirement. 3. 3 References: We used these references to prepare our study: †¢ International Business by Charles W. L. Hill †¢ www. BPLpharma. com. bd †¢ www. beximco – pharma . com .World bank